Summary Project Management Learning - 1713 Words

Summary of Project Management Learning My employer, Gulfstream Aerospace, offers project management training over six courses which I easily swept through two years ago. Their third-party courseware taught by certified instructors supposedly prepares you to take the PMP Certification. After reviewing the PMBOK Guide and subsequent test requirements, I felt an academic approach would be better in the long run for me by learning not just how?, but why? various project management practices are followed at work but not others. I have experience creating work breakdown structures (WBS) for my projects (separate from routine, ongoing work), yet there was no connection or insight into the cost accounting delivered by the work packages. Likewise, while I create Gantt charts (typically for six month projects), no one ever trained me to produce a risk assessment that factored the probability of possible contigency situations or how to determine a math-based response when the need arises to reduce schedule duration. In addition to the references ofWBS-cost accounting and risk assessment probability calculation, other significant gaps include awareness of the socio-technical nature of approaching project management today, top-down versus bottom-up methods of estimating costs and project times, determining slack with a network diagram (with nary a word about a forward or backward pass), and how to assess and manage project risks effectively. PERT and CPM methodology are acronymsShow MoreRelatedDeposit Mobilization in Banks1071 Words   |  5 Pages[pic] School of Management [pic] SUMMER INTERNSHIP PROJECT On Deposit Mobilization A Research Project Submitted to Add Value in the Degree of Masters of Business Administration (2009-2011) Faculty Guide Company Guide Name Name Prof.Aditya Verma Mr. Ramesh singh Read MoreInformation technology for managers1289 Words   |  6 PagesO G Y FO R MANAGERS George W. Reynolds University of Cincinnati Australia †¢ Brazil †¢ Japan †¢ Korea †¢ Mexico †¢ Singapore †¢ Spain †¢ United Kingdom †¢ United States Information Technology for Managers  © 2010 Course Technology, Cengage Learning George W. Reynolds ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this work covered by the copyright hereon may be reproduced, transmitted, stored, or used in any form or by any means graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including but not limited to photocopyingRead MoreProject Manament1078 Words   |  5 Pages |Strategic Portfolio and Project Management | Copyright  © 2010, 2009, 2005 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved. Course Description This course introduces students to the planning phase of project management. Students will discover the connection between strategic portfolio management and project management. Other topics include project-based versus non-project-based organizations, activity planning and sequencingRead MoreCourse schedule IST7100 1 1 1589 Words   |  7 PagesStudents develop an understanding of the strategic use of information technology from a business perspective at the enterprise level. They are expected to understand the internal management of information systems services from the point of view of the CIO and to examine alternative strategies and tactics available to management to achieve goals. Working students and students with post-baccalaureate experience will be able to examine the current and potential impact of information and information technologyRead MoreBus 599 Project Deliverable 5731 Words   |  3 PagesBUS 599 Project Deliverable 5 IF You Want To Purcahse A+ Work then Click The Link Below For Instant Down Load http://www.acehomework.net/?download=bus-599-project-deliverable-5 IF You Face Any Problem Then E Mail Us At JOHNMATE1122@GMAIL.COM BUS 599 Project Deliverable 5 BUS 599 Week 9 Project Deliverable 5 Project Deliverable 5: Executive Summary Presentation Due Week 9 and worth 100 points This assignment consists of two (2) sections: a written executive summary, and a slide presentationRead MoreInstallation And Implementation Of Agilefant929 Words   |  4 PagesPROJECT CHARTER INSTALLATION AND IMPLEMENTATION OF AGILEFANT FIVE GUYS AND A GIRL 3501 DAVIE RD DAVIE , FL , 33324 9/24/2015 TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 2 PROJECT PURPOSE/JUSTIFICATION 2 Business Need/Case 2 Business Objectives 2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION 2 Approach: 2 Constraints 3 Assumptions 3 RISKS 3 SUMMARY MILESTONE SCHEDULE 3 SUMMARY BUDGET 4 PROJECT MANAGER 4 Roles and Responsibilities 5 AUTHORIZATION 5 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY For the past several years Broward collegeRead MoreBSA 375 Complete Course1474 Words   |  6 Pagesfailure of an IT project? What specific kinds are the most influential factors, in general and for your specific organization?    How does organization culture play a role in the successful reliance on the Joint Application Development (JAD) process to identify and gather business requirements? Would JAD work in your company? Explain why or why not.    BSA 375Week 1 Discussion Question 2 Based on Tallon and Scannell’s (2007) article, describe information life cycle management (ILM) and the relationshipRead MoreMy Employment As Project Officer And Executive Assistant With Tafe Queensland1152 Words   |  5 PagesDuring the initial stages of my employment as Project Officer and Executive Assistant with TAFE Queensland, I helped oversee a mass restructure which involved 9 previously independent TAFE divisions merge into one entity. In my first week, the Director required me to prepare an urgent ministerial brief, which needed input and approval by five senior executives and submission to the Minister’s office within three days. The information required for the brief was detailed, so it was crucial that I researchedRead MoreiTeamwork Program: Experience of Experimentation With the Modular Planning Stages944 Words   |  4 Pagesuser-friendliness, and to offer observations on its potential success as a learning tool at this university. As recommended, I ensured that my computer was appropriately protected from potential harm, such as viruses or other bugs. I did this by checking my virus protection service to make sure that it was up to date. Next, in order to evaluate the learning management service, I needed to have hands-on experience with it. Therefore, I started my project by visiting the iTeamwork website. The first step was to createRead MoreReporting, Meetings And Timing Period1419 Words   |  6 PagesREPORTING, MEETINGS TIMING PERIOD Project meetings are the most effective way of communication and distribute information among project stakeholders. Basically, it is an event which involves everyone who shares information or has any interest or influence in the execution of the project by discussing issues, accepting or rejecting any proposals and making group decisions to deliver the project faster and more efficient according to the planned baselines and expected outcomes. (Eric McConnell, 2010)

The Role of the Gods in Homers Odyssey Essay - 1936 Words

The Role of the Gods in The Odyssey In the ancient world, the gods of the Greeks had been predominately confined to cosmological deeds prior to the works of Homer. As Hesiod laid out the roles of the gods in his Theogony and the Works and Days, it is apparent that though the gods were active in the creation of the cosmos, natural phenomenon, and cyclical events such as seasons, they were not however, functioning in any historical way(Bloom 36). This strictly cosmological view of the gods was in no way unusual to the ancient world. Though the breech of theology into historical events was perhaps first introduced by the Hebrews at the turn of the first millennia B.C.E., it was soon echoed in the religious paradigms of homo religiosus†¦show more content†¦It is at this early place in the poem that he also establishes the connection between the heart and suffering as he proclaims that he is on that journey which was to mean hard suffering, and he must have evil to suffer. This suffering he describes with the terms of chaos such as tearing winds and sea, and claims that it is none other than the fate of Odysseus to suffer.(106) As Odysseus retells his story to the Phaikians, he continually reestablishes this link between the heart, suffering and chaos. While fleeing the land of the Kikonians and grieving still at heart, he and his compliment are subjected to a chaotic supernatural storm as night sprang from heaven. (139) This storm is created by Zeus in his cosmological role as cloud gather, and diverts Odysseus ships to the land of the Lotus Eaters. This episode attributed no historical value to the actions, but was said the luck that came our way from Zeus was evil, to make us unfortunate, so we must have hard pains to suffer. (138) In this way Homer depicted the primitive belief held prior to his time, which claimed that suffering was an arbitrary assignment of the gods and had no historical significance. In a bolder move to show the connection between the will of the gods and suffering Homer tells of Odysseus misadventure with the Cyclopes. In violation of the guest/host relationship established by Zeus, Polyphemus, a cyclopes and son of Poseidon, makes choice dining of a few of OdysseusShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Homer s Odyssey, The Epic Of The Classical Era Essay1585 Words   |  7 PagesAssignment 1 Prompt 1 Homer’s Odyssey is one of the many epic of the classical era to give an detailed overlook on the relationship between humans and gods. Odyssey is not just an adventure story about a king struggling to get back home after having gone to war; nor is it one about a son searching for his father after rumors say that he has been dead for many years. The events that take place in Homer’s Odyssey are heavily influenced by the Greek Gods. One can see how the gods interaction with humansRead MoreGreek Mythologies: Gods and Mortals in Greek Literature1714 Words   |  7 Pagescultural aspects of the Greek society; however, the role of the divinities in human affairs is particularly accentuated in most, if not all, Greek mythologies. Nevertheless, each author displays the role of divinities and supernatural differently, as Homer in The Odyssey and The Iliad displays direct interaction between the supernatural divinities and the mortals. On the other hand, Sophocles’ Anti gone lessens such interactions and emphasizes the human role, while Thucydides’ History of the PeloponnesianRead MoreEssay about Free Will and Fate in the Odyssey1574 Words   |  7 PagesHomer’s View of Free Will and Fate in the Odyssey Free will and fate are both prominent in the Odyssey. In the Odyssey, free will is depicted whenever characters make decisions. In example, Odysseus blinds the Cyclops, Polyphemus. Fate, in the Odyssey, is the consequences that are dealt out due to certain actions. In the case of Odysseus and Polyphemus, the consequence is that when Odysseus is on a ship heading home to reach Ithaca, Poseidon, being the father of Polyphemus, sends a storm atRead More Iliad Essay1253 Words   |  6 PagesThe Iliad and The Odyssey are two epic poems with both similar and different styles to the structure of the poems, as well as each poem having the same gods incorporated into the stories intervening with the day to day lives of the mortals. Greek poetry before Homer was all composed orally; therefore it is assumed that Homer’s works are the first written works of art (Joachim Latacz, page 15). Scholars who have spent extensive time researching the origin of Homer’s work cannot verify a specificRead MoreFemale Archetypes in Odyssey1289 Words   |  6 PagesA Plotting Princess: Female Roles in The Odyssey and Antigonà ª Karen Rustad The fairy tale Snow White is a story about two women. One, the evil stepmother, schemes against her stepdaughter in order to assuage her envy and increase her power. She, of course, is thwarted by the end of the story. The other, Snow White, is a pure, innocent damsel entirely devoid of will. Nevertheless, by the end her prince saves her and she lives happily ever after. While Snow White is a European fairy tale, itsRead MoreThe Truth Behind The Myth1471 Words   |  6 PagesHistory plays an important role in greek literature, it breathes life into stories that have come to be so widely read and known, that the line between truth and myth has become blurred. Dating back to as early as 900 BCE many of the Greek literature works were not written down, such as the poems of Homer. They were told orally, passed on like a campfire story. Homer authored both The Iliad and The Odyssey. The Iliad is the story of the Trojan war, while The Odyssey is about Odysseus’ ten yearRead More The Role of Women in the Odyssey Essay1212 Words   |  5 PagesThe Role of Women in The Odyssey Homer wrote the classic epic The Odyssey more than 2,500 years ago. At that time in ancient Greek society, as well as in the whole of the ancient world, the dominant role was played by men. Society was organized, directed, and controlled by men, and it was accepted that women occupied a subservient and inferior position. Women, of course, were valued, but were expected to possess certain traits and perform certain tasks that men demanded of them. Does Homers writingRead More Essay on Names in The Odyssey and The Bible1634 Words   |  7 PagesImportance of Names in The Odyssey and The Bible      Ã‚   Two of the most widely studied ancient works are Homer’s Odyssey and the book of Genesis from the Bible.   Each of these texts provides a unique viewpoint of an early civilization.   In both of the texts, one can learn not only stories about great heroes, but also about the way that these peoples lived and what they believed.   Many interesting parallels can be drawn between the two developing societies shown in the Odyssey and the book of GenesisRead MoreThe Odyssey, by Homer Essay1150 Words   |  5 PagesHomer’s Odyssey was written around 700 BC. During this time there was major social and economic change, which brought the development of new cities, as well as new laws to govern them. Political rights and citizenship in Greek society truly defined the roles of women in this time period. All of the laws governing the population of Greece were not only written by men, but also enforced by men. Homer’s Odyssey is the product of a society in w hich men played the dominant role. Women were held atRead MoreThe Characters Of Virgil And Homers The Aeneid973 Words   |  4 Pagesculture to the Greeks. Virgil’s The Aeneid and Homer’s The Odyssey are different stories told from two opposing viewpoints; the Greeks in The Odyssey and the Trojans in The Aeneid. The two leaders of both stories are very subsequently very different. Homer’s Odyssey is Virgil’s main source of inspiration for his Aeneid. Nowhere is it more evident than in Book VI. During this book, Aeneas descends into the underworld that reflects Book XI of the Odyssey where Odysseus visits the land of the dead to

Sales Amount and Shipping Costs System †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Sales Amount and Shipping Costs System. Answer: Introduction The dataset on the office supply sales of the company Hardware and Garden Supplies consists of information about 2002 orders on nine of the variables Order ID, Order Priority, Order Quantity, Sales amount, Shipment mode, Shipping Cost, Region, Consumer segment and Days to ship. From the 2002 orders, 60 samples were selected randomly. Descriptive statistics such as frequency distribution tables of nominal and ordinal variables and for interval variables, necessary summary statistics will be mentioned along with suitable graphs. The range within which the average sales amount and shipping costs will lie will also be provided. Test will also be made to evaluate whether the shipping cost is higher in orders with critical priority. The difference between the average sales of the orders in eastern and western states has also to be tested. The test will be done using independent sample t-test. In the end, the relationship between the order quantity and sales amount has to be evaluated usin g regression analysis. The dataset contains 2002 orders. It will be extremely laborious to run analysis on all the 2002 orders. Thus, 60 orders have been selected from the 2002 orders to make the analysis easier. These orders have been selected randomly using uniform random number generation in MS EXCEL. All the analysis will be done on these selected 60 samples. The samples were selected randomly as the estimates obtained with this method of selection will represent the population most appropriately. Descriptive Statistics Now, analysis of the descriptive measures of the variables will be conducted. The first variable to be considered is Order Priority. The importance of the orders is denoted by this variable. The priority of critical is denoted by 4, high is denoted by 3, medium is denoted by 2, low is denoted by 1 and 0 denotes not specified. The responses will be summarized in the form of a table given in table 2.1. Row Labels Count of Order Priority Percentage of Order Priority 0 8 13% 1 10 17% 2 11 18% 3 17 28% 4 14 23% Grand Total 60 100% It can be seen clearly that most of the orders are of high priority (28 percent) and critical priority (23 percent). Only 14 percent of the respondents did not specify the priority of their orders. The second variable that will be considered is the order quantity. The number of items that have been ordered under the order ID is given by this variable. It has been found out that the average number of orders done per order ID is 28. Most of the order IDs have 17 orders. The standard deviation is found to be low (13.46) and thus, it can be said that the quantity of orders per order ID is mostly around 28. Orders per ID range between 1 and 49. It can also be said that 50 percent of the number of orders per ID lie between 17 and 38. The coefficient of variation (48 percent) being less than 100 percent indicates that the variance of the distribution is less. This means that most of the order IDs have orders close to 28, the mean value. The third variable that is to be considered is the total value of sales in $. The average sales value has been found to be $1352.11. The range of the sales values are very high and the coefficient of variation (216 percent) is a lot higher than 100 percent. Thus, it can be said that the variance of the distribution is extremely high and the sales values are a lot scattered from $1352.11, the average sales value. 50 percent of the sales values lies between $146.35 and $936.75. The fourth variable that is to be discussed is the shipment mode of the orders. The orders are shipped via three modes such as Regular air, Delivery truck and Express air coded as 1, 2 and 3 respectively. It can be seen clearly from figure 2.2 that most of the orders are shipped by Regular air. The fifth variable that will be considered is shipping cost. The average shipping cost has been found to be $9.41. The range of the shipping cost are very high and the coefficient of variation (138 percent) is a lot higher than 100. Thus, it can be said that the deviation of the values of the distribution from the average cost of shipping is extremely high and the sales values are a lot scattered from $9.41. Moreover, in 50 percent of the cases, the shipping cost lies between $2.2 and $9.04. The next variable that will be considered is the region to which the orders are delivered. The orders are delivered to only two regions the eastern region (E) and the western region (W). It can be seen clearly from figure 2.3 that 60 percent of the orders are delivered to the eastern regions and 40 percent of the orders are delivered to the western regions. The next variable that is to be considered is the consumer segment. This variable denotes the type of customers that who order the products. It can be seen clearly from figure 2.4 that 30 percent of the customers are corporate, 28 percent of the customers are consumers, 27 percent hold a small business and 15 percent run a home office. The last variable that is to be considered is the number of days that is required to ship the order. The average number of days required to ship the orders is 1.93 days. Most of the orders are shipped in 2 days. About 50 percent of the orders are shipped below 2 days. The range of the number of days to ship are low and the coefficient of variation (69 percent) is a less than 100. Thus, it can be said that the deviation of the values of the distribution from the average number of days to ship is low and the values are close to 1.93 days. Moreover, in 50 percent of the cases, the number of days to ship lies between 1 day and 2 days. We are 95 percent confident that the average sales cost for the home office customers lies between -$835.51 and $5299.20. The population mean for the average sales cost is found to be $1716.69. Thus, it can be seen that the population mean lies well within the limit given. We are also 95 percent confident that the average shipping cost for all sample orders lies between $6.13 and $12.70. The population mean for the shipping cost is found to be $9.41. Thus, it can be said that the population mean lies well within the interval. With the help of tests, it has been observed that the shipping cost of the orders with critical priority is less than the shipping cost of the orders with low priority. It has also been found from the test that the average sales order in dollars differs for the eastern and the western states. Relationship has to be established between the variables order quantity and the sales in dollars. It can be seen clearly that there is not much relation between the order quantity and sales amount from figure 2.6. The regression equation can be given by: In the above equation, y is the predicted value of the sales, x is the quantity of the products ordered. From the analysis, it can also be said that only 9 percent of the variations in the value of sales can be explained by this model. Conclusion From the analysis of the data supplied by Hardware and Garden Supplies, it has been seen that the average quantity of products ordered is approximately 28, the average value of sales is $1352.11, the average shipping cost is $9.41 and the average number of days required to ship the products is approximately 2 days. Also, it has been seen that 80 percent delivery is done by regular air, most of the orders are of high priority, the demand of the products is more in the eastern states. It can be said with 95 percent confidence that the population mean of the average sales amount of orders for the home office customers and shipping costs for all sample orders lie within the limits calculated. The shipping cost of orders with critical priority is less than that of low priority. The sales in eastern and western regions differ significantly. The sales can be estimated 8 percent accurately from the order quantity. The sample size collected for the 2002 data points is extremely low. Thus, it can be said that a sample of higher size will be able to predict the population more accurately.

The Best Free Time-Management Software for Students

The Best Free Time-Management Software for Students If you use your computer both for studying and for a leisure time, it is very easy to get distracted. As a result, many important tasks may end up being not completed on time or simply not done at all. Such distractions as regular email notifications, messages in social media or newly posted videos can really intervene with your study process. In such cases, for most of the students, time management software can be very handy as they can help you prioritize your tasks, plan your working time and avoid distractions. FocusWriter One of the most effective tools for blocking distractions is a FocusWriter software. It covers your whole screen so that you end up with an empty page for you to concentrate on one thing – creative writing. You are no longer able to see any interrupting incoming emails or social media messages. You can customize your background and use provided timers to avoid constant clock-watching. Bear in mind that FocusWriter is not suitable for editing and you need to activate auto-saving before you start writing. However, for brainstorming or creating your first draft of your paper without getting any disruptions this software can be very useful. Trello For you to stay motivated, but most importantly, organized, such software as Trello was created. With this program, you are able to create multiple to-do lists and set the deadlines. Each item is placed on the card and once the task is completed, you move the card to the list of jobs that were finished successfully. At the end of the day, you can see what was done and what is not and also decide what needs to be assigned to other people. Cold Turkey Cold Turkey is one of the most efficient distraction blockers. It might seem quite strict for some, as it can block not only access to applications, specific web page or the internet itself, but it can even lock you out of your computer. However, according to the statistics, 97% of those who decided to try using this software, improved their productivity and would definitely recommend this program to the fellow students. Rainy Mood Working atmosphere can be very easily disrupted by noises around your studying place. Some students like to study with music playing in the background. Some students (those who prefer to study at night) might find complete silence to be uncomfortable and distracting from the learning process. In such cases, when you need to tune yourself into a working mode, web software can become a handy tool. Rainy Mood is a free web and a mobile application with the sound of raindrops and even a distant thunder. It helps to relax and get distracted from outside noises and get into the studying mode. If you one of those who finds it difficult to control yourself and your urge to get distracted while you working at the computer, the software that we listed above might be really useful. If you made a decision to regain control over your time and become more productive in your learning process, you need to try one of those programs. They will not only help you excel in your study life but will provide you with new skills of the time management giving you unique insights into how to productively deal with your everyday life.

Free Essays on Niccolò Machiavelli

Niccolà ² Machiavelli was an important figure during the Renaissance period. He was an Italian statesman, leader, historian, writer, and political theorist who’s life and career has been very influential and has led me to do research on him. The information in this paper is intended to inform the reader of the life and legacy of this Renaissance philosopher. The birth place of Niccolà ² Machiavelli was in Florence Italy. He was born on May 3rd 1469 into a Tuscan family that was surrounded by politics. His father was a known lawyer and he grew up during the â€Å"golden age† in Italy. He lived a simple childhood in Florence, and he first encountered politics when he was young watching the Savanarola trial which was an important trial in Florence during that time. Later in 1494, he served as a clerk, and four years later he was promoted to secretary and chancellor of the second chancellery of the Florentine Republic in 1498. As chancellor his duties included taking missions to foreign states, composing and summarizing reports, carrying on diplomatic correspondence, and executing the policy decisions of others. Some of his most important duties included missions to the French king (1504, 1510-1511), the Holy See (1506), and to the German emperor (1507-1508). One of his contributions to his state was in the military defense of the Re public of Florence. In 1510, he was inspired by his reading of Roman history, so he organized a citizen militia for the Republic (biography.com). He organized this citizen militia for three years (1503-1506). In 1502 Niccolà ² married Marietta Corsini at the age of 31, and later they had two daughters and four sons. He later retired in 1512, and in 1513 he re-retired. Although he accomplished a lot, he was still surrounded by controversy. In August 1512, a Florentine family, the Medici, rose to power and eventually the republic fell. On November 7th he lost his position and was later arrested. After t... Free Essays on Niccolà ² Machiavelli Free Essays on Niccolà ² Machiavelli Niccolà ² Machiavelli was an important figure during the Renaissance period. He was an Italian statesman, leader, historian, writer, and political theorist who’s life and career has been very influential and has led me to do research on him. The information in this paper is intended to inform the reader of the life and legacy of this Renaissance philosopher. The birth place of Niccolà ² Machiavelli was in Florence Italy. He was born on May 3rd 1469 into a Tuscan family that was surrounded by politics. His father was a known lawyer and he grew up during the â€Å"golden age† in Italy. He lived a simple childhood in Florence, and he first encountered politics when he was young watching the Savanarola trial which was an important trial in Florence during that time. Later in 1494, he served as a clerk, and four years later he was promoted to secretary and chancellor of the second chancellery of the Florentine Republic in 1498. As chancellor his duties included taking missions to foreign states, composing and summarizing reports, carrying on diplomatic correspondence, and executing the policy decisions of others. Some of his most important duties included missions to the French king (1504, 1510-1511), the Holy See (1506), and to the German emperor (1507-1508). One of his contributions to his state was in the military defense of the Re public of Florence. In 1510, he was inspired by his reading of Roman history, so he organized a citizen militia for the Republic (biography.com). He organized this citizen militia for three years (1503-1506). In 1502 Niccolà ² married Marietta Corsini at the age of 31, and later they had two daughters and four sons. He later retired in 1512, and in 1513 he re-retired. Although he accomplished a lot, he was still surrounded by controversy. In August 1512, a Florentine family, the Medici, rose to power and eventually the republic fell. On November 7th he lost his position and was later arrested. After t...

About Richard Morris Hunt, Architect of the Biltmore

About Richard Morris Hunt, Architect of the Biltmore American architect Richard Morris Hunt (born October 31, 1827 in Brattleboro, Vermont) became famous for designing elaborate homes for the very wealthy. He worked on many different types of buildings, however, including libraries, civic buildings, apartment buildings, and art museums- providing the same elegant architecture for Americas growing middle class as he was designing for Americas nouveau riche. Within the architecture community, Hunt is credited with making architecture a profession by being a founding father of the American Institute of Architects (AIA). Early Years Richard Morris Hunt was born into a wealthy and prominent New England family. His grandfather had been Lieutenant Governor and a founding father of Vermont, and his father, Jonathan Hunt, was a United States Congressman. A decade after his fathers 1832 death, the Hunts moved to Europe for an extended stay. The young Hunt traveled throughout Europe and studied for a time in Geneva, Switzerland. Hunts older brother, William Morris Hunt, also studied in Europe and became a well-known portrait painter after returning to New England. The trajectory of the younger Hunts life changed in 1846 when he became the first American to study at the esteemed École des Beaux-Arts in Paris, France. Hunt graduated from the school of fine arts and stayed on to become an assistant at the École in 1854. Under the mentorship of French architect Hector Lefuel, Richard Morris Hunt remained in Paris to work on expanding the great Louvre museum. Professional Years When Hunt returned to the United States in 1855, he settled in New York, confident in introducing the country to what he had learned in France and had seen throughout his worldly travels. The 19th century mix of styles and ideas he brought to America is sometimes call  Renaissance Revival, an expression of excitement for reviving historic forms. Hunt incorporated Western European designs, including the French Beaux Arts, into his own works. One of his first commissions in 1858 wasthe Tenth Street Studio Building at 51 West 10th Street in the area of New York City known as Greenwich Village. The design for artists studios grouped around a skylighted communal gallery space was apropos to the buildings function but thought to be too specific to be repurposed in the 20th century; the historic structure was torn down in 1956. New York City was Hunts laboratory for new American architecture. In 1870 he built Stuyvesant Apartments, one of the first French-style, Mansard-roofed apartment houses for the American middle class. He experimented with cast-iron facades in the 1874 Roosevelt Building at 480 Broadway. The 1875 New York Tribune Building was not only one of the first NYC skyscrapers but also one of the first commercial buildings to use elevators. If all of these iconic buildings are not enough, Hunt also was called upon to design the pedestal for the Statue of Liberty, finished in 1886. Gilded Age Dwellings Hunts first Newport, Rhode Island residence was wooden and more sedate than the stone Newport mansions yet to be built. Taking chalet detailings from his time in Switzerland and the half-timbering he observed in his European travels, Hunt developed a modern Gothic or Gothic Revival home for John and Jane Griswold in 1864. Hunts design of the Griswold House became known as Stick Style. Today the Griswold House is the Newport Art Museum. The 19th century was a time in American history when many businessmen became rich, amassed huge fortunes, and built opulent mansions gilt with gold.   Several architects, including Richard Morris Hunt, became known as Gilded Age architects for designing palatial homes with lavish interiors. Working with artists and craftspeople, Hunt designed lavish interiors with paintings, sculptures, murals, and interior architectural details modeled after those found in European castles and palaces. His most famous grand mansions were for the Vanderbilts, sons of William Henry Vanderbilt and the grandsons of Cornelius Vanderbilt, known as the Commodore. Marble House (1892) In 1883 Hunt completed a New York City mansion called the Petite Chateau for William Kissam Vanderbilt (1849-1920) and his wife Alva. Hunt brought France to Fifth Avenue in New York City in an architectural expression that became known as Chà ¢teauesque. Their summer cottage in Newport, Rhode Island was a short hop from New York. Designed in a more Beaux Arts style, Marble House was designed as a temple and remains one of Americas grand mansions. The Breakers (1893-1895) Not to be outdone by his brother, Cornelius Vanderbilt II (1843-1899) hired Richard Morris Hunt to replace a run-down wooden Newport structure with what became known as the Breakers. With its massive Corinthian columns, the solid-stone Breakers is supported with steel trusses and is as fire-resistant as possible for its day. Resembling a 16th-century Italian seaside palace, the mansion incorporates Beaux Arts and Victorian elements, including gilt cornices, rare marble, wedding cake painted ceilings, and prominent chimneys. Hunt modeled the Great Hall after the Renaissance-era Italian palazzos he encountered in Turin and Genoa, yet the Breakers is one of the first private residences to have electric lights and a private elevator. Architect Richard Morris Hunt gave Breakers Mansion grand spaces for entertaining. The mansion has a 45-foot high central Great Hall, arcades, many levels, and a covered, central courtyard. Many of the rooms and other architectural elements, decorations in French and Italian styles, were designed and constructed simultaneously and then shipped to the U.S.to be reassembled in the house. Hunt called this way of building a Critical Path Method, which allowed the complicated mansion to be completed in 27 months. Biltmore Estate (1889-1895) George Washington Vanderbilt II (1862-1914) hired Richard Morris Hunt to build the most elegant and largest private residence in America. In the hills of Asheville, North Carolina, Biltmore Estate is Americas 250-room French Renaissance chateau- a symbol of both the industrial wealth of the Vanderbilt family and the culmination of Richard Morris Hunts training as an architect. The estate is a dynamic example of   formal elegance surrounded by natural landscaping- Frederick Law Olmsted, known as the father of landscape architecture, designed the grounds. At the end of their careers, Hunt and Olmsted together designed not only Biltmore Estates but also nearby Biltmore Village, a community to house the many servants and caretakers employed by the Vanderbilts. Both the estate and the village are open to the public, and most people concur that the experience is not to be missed. The Dean of American Architecture Hunt was instrumental in establishing architecture as a profession in the U.S. He is often called the Dean of American architecture. Based on his own studies at École des Beaux-Arts, Hunt advocated the notion that American architects should be formally trained in history and the fine arts. He started the first American studio for architect training- right in his own studio as the Tenth Street Studio Building in New York City. Most importantly, Richard Morris Hunt helped found the American Institute of Architects in 1857 and served as the professional organizations president from 1888 until 1891. He was a mentor to two titans of American architecture, Philadelphia architect Frank Furness (1839-1912) and New York City-born George B. Post (1837-1913). Later in life, even after designing the Statue of Libertys pedestal, Hunt continued to design high-profile civic projects. Hunt was the architect of two buildings at the United States Military Academy at West Point, the 1893 Gymnasium and an 1895 academic building. Some say Hunts overall masterpiece, however, may have been the 1893 Columbian Exposition Administration Building, for a worlds fair whose buildings are long since gone from Jackson Park in Chicago, Illinois. At the time of his death on July 31, 1895 in Newport, Rhode Island, Hunt was working on the entrance to the Metropolitan Museum in New York City. Art and architecture were in Hunts blood. Sources Richard Morris Hunt by Paul R. Baker, Master Builders, Wiley, 1985, pp. 88-91The Tenth Street Studio Building and a Walk to the Hudson River by Teri Tynes, August 29, 2009 at walkingoffthebigapple.blogspot.com/2009/08/tenth-street-studio-building-and-walk.html [accessed August 20, 2017]The History of Griswold House, Newport Art Museum [accessed August 20, 2017]The Breakers, National Historic Landmark Nomination, The Preservation Society of Newport County, February 22, 1994 [accessed August 16, 2017]

Self determination, Yugoslavia Czechoslovakia Essay

Self determination, Yugoslavia Czechoslovakia - Essay Example That these unitary states would be destroyed following the fall of the Berlin Wall and the demise of the Soviet Union was perhaps not as important as the manner by which these nation-states disintegrated. The process in Yugoslavia was extraordinarily violent, and notions of national self-determination and territorial sovereignty led to substantial conflict and bloodshed; on the other hand, the process of state disintegration in Czechoslovakia was much more moderate and civil, leading one commentator to characterize this period of Czech history as the period of the "Velvet Revolution to the Velvet Divorce" (Bakke, 2002: 92). This essay will argue that these differences were the result of different approaches to minority rights, different demographic realities which made a more peaceful secession much more difficult in Yugoslavia, and certain ingrained philosophies regarding the legitimacy of national self-determination. As a preliminary matter, before examining how Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia viewed secession, it is necessary to examine the common understanding of the terms used. The fundamental problem, as noted by Bakke, is that "The principle of national self-determination is as ambiguous as the nation concept itself. ... This ambiguity is particularly illustrative in the instant case; it is illustrative because some people view national self-determination as a civic nation encompassing a variety of ethnic and cultural groups whereas other people have interpreted national self-determination as the right of groups with distinct cultural and ethnic characteristics to have their own autonomous state. As history has demonstrated, the Czech people generally subscribed to the civic notion before relenting and recognizing the cultural and ethnic aspects of national self-determination; Yugoslavia, on the other hand, was torn by a stubborn Serbian adherence to the Roman natio interpretation. The Serbians held steadfast to the civic notion, demanding the preservation of the multiethnic unitary state, whereas Croatia and other regions relied on the cultural ethnic interpretation of national self-determination. A reconciliation of these ambiguous interpretations was resolved peacefully in Czechoslovakia, but unre conciled in Yugoslavia. One simply cannot engage in a comparative analysis of these two formerly unitary nation-states without understanding the role which ethnicity played. Following the First World War and decolonization, national self-determination tended to represent freedom and political and economic independence; later, however, as these newly formed unitary states evolved, people with their own unique cultural and ethnic characteristics often sought to incorporate notions of cultural sovereignty and territorial integrity into their articulation of national self-determination. Indeed, as stated by Hannum, Ethnic wars of secession highlight the inherent tension between "self-determination" and

Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 6

Report - Essay Example This individual opens up a hot dog stand. The person makes $250 a week clean from his hot dog stand operation. The person gave up a job where he was making $400 net a weekly. This means that the individual is incurring in an opportunity costs loss of $150. Opportunity costs can be defined as what a person is given up to perform a particular action (Varian, 2003). The opportunity costs of working on Sunday to gain a little overtime is the leisure family time the person could have enjoyed in his day off. The law of demand states, all factors being equal, that if the price of a good or services increases the overall consumer demand for that good or service will decrease (Investopedia, 2009). A consumer product that is very popular in households is Kellogg’s Frosted Flakes. If several generic brands of corn flakes left the marketplace the supply curve for Kellogg’s would shift to the right. Another way the demand curve would shift is through positive marketing news. If this product won an award for the best cereal in 2008 the demand of the product would shift to the right. A different product we could analyze is GM cars. The supply curve of GM cars would shift to the left if several manufacturing plants close down. Another way it would shift to the left is if the prices of Japanese imports decrease. The demand of the housing market in the United Kingdom could shift to the left or the right if there are changes in factors that influence the marketplace. There are several factors that could change the UK ownership housing market demand. If the population in the UK changed this variable would affect the demand. An increase in the population would raise the demand. Another factor that could affect the buying of home in the UK is if the price of rental homes changes. A decrease in the price of rental would make the option of buying a home less attractive and would decrease the demand. A third factor that could affect the demand for

Description of the Activity Essay Example for Free

Description of the Activity Essay The Heijs Group is a Dutch company which is comprised of three independent operating companies. These companies are solely concerned with the supply of poultry meat. At the companies sites at Leek and Haulerwijk, the chickens are slaughtered and processed for both the deep frozen and fresh chicken markets. The third site at Hoogeveen only produces chicken fillets this is also the company which I shall examine. Heijs Food Products BV Heijs Food products BV became a division of the Heijs Group in 1997. It is purely engaged in producing top grade chicken fillets. The breasts are supplied by other production companies in the group. Once on site, the breasts are boned which produces a better quality cut of fresh chicken fillet the fillets are specifically cut to size and weight graded. They are mainly supplied to the wholesale trade nationally and abroad. Customers include the manufacturers of ready meals, catering companies and supermarkets. Heijs Food Products BV is a company whose filets chicken and makes the chicken meat ready to sell. Heijs food Products BV main objectives are to stay in the highest market segment so that they only produce high quality food. To achieve this main objective HFP has a number of systems to make sure that the product had the highest possible quality. These systems are called HCCP, IKB, GHP, DRC, ISSO9002, ACP, and BRC will be further explained later in my report. Because a few of these systems Heijs food Products BV may also sell their products to England which is their largest trading country. (BRC, ACP) P2 an description of four functional areas, including human resources, explain how each contributes to the business activity and giving examples of job roles associated with each area Quality Control Research and development The use of new and better machinery contributes with making a high quality product. Quality control makes sure that everything is all right with the food safety and hygiene. The companys policy on quality control will be controlled by special trained employees who have had training in handling with the quality control. Twice a year there is an inspection by the NEN-ISO organisation. This inspection can make a big difference for the company, if the NEN-ISO organisation concludes errors in the working method of production the certificate be put on probation for a period of time to get the entire company on the NEN-ISO standards. They do this by the following seven systems: 1 NEN -EN- ISO 9002 This international standard specifies requirements with regard to quality management. The Heijs Group are accredited with NEN -EN- ISO 9002 The objectives of the standard are: * The Heijs Group is capable of consistently supplying products which fully meet client demands and to a standard which complies with relevant legislation * Improving client satisfaction by using the standard to review and improve processes The standards in general concerns quality systems and documentation, with specific emphasis on the management of responsibility, management of resources, product development, measurement, analysis and improvement. 2 HACCP HACCP is the abbreviation for Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points. This signifies risk analysis and the management of critical points in the production process. The system has been developed as a preventative manner of work in relation to the general quality management exercised over the production of foodstuffs. The HACCP system assesses: a. biological contamination, ex. Pathogenic microbes, toxicants, microbes, yeasts, fungi, parasites b. chemical contamination such as pesticides, antibiotics, disinfection or cleansing agents, heavy metals, lubricants, additives c. Physical contamination: rust, wood chippings, metal splinters, glass, stones, plastic, hairs, construction etc. In order to prevent these dangers, there are strict measures and work agreements included in the HACCP quality system of Heijs Food Productions. 3 DLG Qualità ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ts Prà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½mierung Annually, for a number of years, Heijs Food Productions have been awarded a prize by DLG in Germany for their poultry products. The prize was in recognition for products which achieved a high organoleptic standard of products for consumers. The award considered product appearance, consistency, smell and taste. The judges were an independent panel of competent professionals who have extensive knowledge and experience of poultry products. 4 GHP-code The GHP code has two levels of standard an international standard but there is a second level which the Dutch meat processing industry has added to the standard and which has been adopted across the Country. The objective of the code is for meat processing companies to guarantee hygiene standards and to improve hygiene management. The Heijs Group believe this is a basic production requirement. The GHP code is a production requirement which has been incorporated into the IKB standard. 5 BRC Standard (Technical Standard for companies supplying retailer branded food products) The British Retail Consortium developed a technical standard for food manufacturers who supplied to the retail markets. The standard has now been adopted as a requirement of supply by many reputable internal customers and retail supermarkets. The standard includes, amongst other points: a. the application of a HACCP system b. a documented quality system c. the management of all aspects of production the product, processes and personnel to ensure food safety, quality and legality All Companies in the Heijs Group are approved to the BRC standard. The poultry processing units are approved to the Higher Level of the standard. 6 ACP (Assured Chicken Production Ltd. Poultry Standards) ACP is a full quality programme which is assessed by an independent organisation. The ACP scheme objective is to promote products that are produced to a recognised standard, which is recognised by the consumer to guarantee product safety, quality and in the case of poultry -welfare standards. The main points in the standard covers food safety, traceability, animal welfare, environmental care, and the well being and safety of animals in their rearing environment. The Heijs Group was the first company outside the UK which fully satisfied the ACP requirements. Only those Companies which satisfy the conditions laid out in the standard can apply the ACP logo on their products. ACP is a standard which has now a requirement of many supermarkets. 7 IKB The IKB chicken programme is a method for quality management in poultry production. For example in order to reduce the level of microbiological contamination of all species of salmonella there is total control through out the production chain from breeding to processing. This prevents cross contamination within the Company itself and also between other external sites. The IKB standard has specific standards to be complied with for building construction, company hygiene policies and procedures and processing techniques. Provisions are also made which have led to an improvement in the slaughter of birds which has resulted in an improvement in meat quality. The IKB standard has long been recognised by the Heijs Group as an unconditional requirement for quality chicken production. Production Within Heijs Food Productions the main department is the production part. First they get chicken breast and then the breasts are boned for a better quality cut of fresh chicken fillet, than they cut the fillets specifically to size and weight. The use of new machinery and better production methods also contribute to a better and hygiene of the product. Heijs Food Production must also keep food safety in caution because the customer demands a safe and high quality product. This is ensured by the regulations and the food safety systems which Heijs Food Productions has (Please see P1). The chicken fillets are mainly supplied to customers abroad there two main export countries are Germany and Great-Britain. Exporting there product is a main source of income. The percentage of Export and National sales are as follow: * Export 95% * National Sale 5% The delivery time on Export products are divided into two different areass as you will see below: * Fresh: 10 days (after slaughter) * Frozen: 6 months (after slaughter) Most regular customers are in the following sectors: * Manufacturers of ready meals * Catering companies * Supermarkets. Heijs Food Productions has a minimum standard of 18000 kilos production a day this is 65% of their total production capacity. This means that they are capable of producing a theoretical figure of 27692 kilos daily (depending on demand of the customer and supply by supplier). The function of the production is: * Produce high quality chicken fillets * Bone the chicken breast * Cut the Fillets specifically to size and weight After the production the product is packed either in bags or in boxes The production department contributes to the business in a way of making a high quality product. Without the production department the company would not be able to exist! This department is a crucial part of the Heijs Food Group. Marketing and Sales Within the company of Heijs there has been a separation between marketing and sales. They dont market their product a lot because good chicken fillets promote them self, they promote the company by: trucks with advertisement on it and with the package of the chicken fillets (there is also advertisement on it) Marketing activities: * Showing we have a good product (by showing certificates like ISO * Developing new packaging * Driving with trucks with our message on them On sales there are two persons active: One does all the customer contacts and one makes all the contracts and other documentation Customer contact is extremely important if you trade with other customers for example you must know what is appropriate in the country which you are trading with. The most important tasks of sales are: * Customer Contact * Orders enquiries * Making Special offers * Setting up Customer Contracts The sales department within the Heijs Company is a part which is crucial for the existence of the company. As you will know each department within a company are equally important to the business. They contribute to the existence of the company by doing there part of the business activity. Without the Sales department Heijs Food Products they would not be able to handle customers or wouldnt have customers at all. Administration The task of the administration with Heijs Food Productions is to keep a record of all the personnel like for example: sickness and absence. Also is the administration in charge of the pay wages of the personnel. The administration is set in the front of the building so that they can do the reception as well. The administration is done by one employee this person is hired to do all the administration within Heijs Food Production. Another task of the employee is taking care of all the necessary work at Reception. main activities of the Administration and Reception administration reception Keep record of personnel welcoming the visitors in charge of wages answer telephone calls write emails to customers give through messages Customer registration Financial work The reception connects telephone calls through, and gives through messages. They also reply to customer enquiries and orders. Incoming post is divided by the personal of the Administration. Welcoming visitors and guide them to the meeting or contact the person which is requested. The Administration/reception is an important task it contributes to the business in a way of doing all the administrational work if that is not done the company would not know where it would stand, and if the reception would not answer the telephone calls, and welcome the visitors the company would not make a good impression with potential customers. Human Resources With Heijs Food Production the do not have a big Human resource department. The work that the employees on the human recourse department do with Heijs Food Productions are: * Hire people (application form) * Dismiss people * Keep record of absence * Training Employees Hiring People Most of the employees which work with Heijs Food Productions are hired from a Vacancy office. Almost everybody can work with Heijs food at the production everybody gets a change: If a person is hired tell get a test period and if they pass this period they can otherwise their asked to find another job. For other leading jobs there is a whole other plan: these people must have HBO Diploma and a good Curriculum Vita. Welfare of the employees The welfare of the employees is very important; the human recourse department makes sure that the working conditions are safe and fun to work in. This is very important for the quality of the product because if the employees do not have any fun in their work, the will not do their work with care and the product is from a less quality. There are also a number of rights that all the employees have * To be paid at the agreed time * To me treated fairly * To be provided with a workspace that is healthy and save * To receive appropriate training * Not to be asked to do anything that is dangerous, unethical or illegal There are also a number of Responsibilities that all the employees have * Work conscientiously in accordance with the agreed term of their employment * Maintain standards of quality * Cooperate in trying to achieve the objectives of the business * Follow established procedures * Comply with health and safety regulations P3 A Description of how equal opportunities of employees are safeguarded by legislation How it is arranged with Heijs Food Productions? With Heijs Food Productions all the personnel equally threaten, if you work hard you can also get a promoted to a higher level on the hierarchy. An example of this is a Foreman (which is responsible for managing his area in the company), but if you do not work hard you cannot expect to get a promotion in the company. The company has a very clear policy on equal opportunities who works hard has more changes of promotion. Legislation All the employees with Heijs Food Productions have equal opportunities in the business. This legislation is arranged by law * The equal pay act 1970 (states that women performing comparable to men should me threaten equally including the same rates of payment) * The sex discrimination acts 1975 and 1986 (rule against discrimination on the basis of sex or marital status) * The race relations act 1976 (makes it illegal to discriminate against employees or potential employees on the grounds of race or ethnic grounds) * The disability discrimination act 1995 (Gives additional rights to disabled people and provides for a code of practise aimed at tending discrimination) * The employment rights act 1996 ( confirms the legal rights of employees and covers the contract of employment, payslips and other meteors Works council Act Businesses with more than 50 employees are obliged to found a work council. The work council can give advise on: * Investments * Shrinking, fusions takeovers, expansion * Hiring of advisers The work council can give approval in decisions about: * Rewarding systems Health and safety * Holiday arrangements Work deliberation * Labor arrangements P4 Communications in Business Communications in business are very important without proper communications you cannot work actively. You wouldnt know what your customers demands are and you are not well informed. This is why good communication within business is very important. With Heijs Food Productions there are a few communication types which they use: Intern communications: * Intern telephone (most often used by the management) * Intern E-mail (most often used by the management) * Intercom (used for announcements) * Oral communications (used for communication between employees) Every day there is a short briefing with the managing people, they will discuss what theyll have to do for the day and at what time they will be finished. than theyll give the orders to the employees to make the product the customer has order (for example chicken fillets of 200 gram) External Communications * Telephone ( for customer and suppliers contact) * E-mail (customer contact + suppliers) * Written Letters E-mail (customer contact + suppliers) * Fax E-mail (customer contact + suppliers) The communications with customers are very important the sales manager calls with the customer at least twice a week. They do this to make sure that the customers is satisfied about the product and for selling more chicken fillets. P5 A Comparison of the organisational structure of your chosen business with a contrasting structure Organisational Structure of Heijs Food Products BV Organisational structure of NSA I have chosen for 2 different kinds of organisational structures: * Line staff organisation (organisational chart) * flat organisational structure (hierarchical structure) Advantages and disadvantages of the hierarchical structure Advantage: * The advantage of a hierarchical structure is that the control of the organisation is kept in the hands of the person at top of the organisation. * Easy to maintain a particular identity or standard of service and quality in a large organisation. * Clear defined chain of commend, which instructions are flowing downward through all employees, and information about performance flowing upwards * Everyone in the organisations knows their role within the organisation. Disadvantage: * No limit to the number of management between the top decision maker and the shop floor or other support staff * Decision making can be slow or delayed as it takes a long time for information to flow upwards, for decisions to be taken at the top and communicated downwards again and implemented by support staff * At each level information and instructions may be interpreted differently so that information passed on, or action taken, may be biased by the attitudes of individual managers. Advantages and disadvantages of a flat structure Advantage: * The flow of information between upper and lower levels is fast this enables quick decision making and a faster response to problems. * With fewer levels of management many managers and operatives feel they have more responsibility for their own work this increases job motivation and satisfaction. Conclusion I could find any disadvantages about a flat structure so my conclusion is that a flat structure is the best one because there are no disadvantages about it (recording to the book)

Lears Character Development in Shakespeares King Lear Essay -- King

Lear's Character Development in Shakespeare's King Lear Though King Lear, of Shakespeare's play, King Lear, wrongs both Cordelia and Kent in his harsh treatment against them, the unjust actions of Regan and Goneril against King Lear cause him to be "a man more sinned against than sinning" (3.2.60-61). In order to relieve himself of the problems and work associated with holding his position so he can "unburdened crawl toward death," King Lear, of pre-Christ Britain, divides up his kingdom into three portions, one for each of his daughters (1.1.41). To decide the daughter to whom he should give the largest portion of the kingdom, King Lear holds a competition that merely serves to feed his ego. He requires each daughter to publicly profess her love for him and promises the largest portion of land to the one who loves him the greatest. Both Regan and Goneril flatter King Lear, telling him what he wants to hear. On the other hand, Cordelia responds honestly, first expressing that she can say "nothing" in response to the question (1.1.92). When Lear presses her further, she explains, "You have begot me, bred me, loved me;" and vows to "return those duties back as are right fit" but that someday she will get married and will not possess the ability to give her father all her love (1.1.1 02-103). King Lear makes his first error here; he bases his decision on the superficial aspect of his daughters' words. He favors Regan and Goneril because their words sound nice to the ear. In actuality, though, their statements have no true feeling behind them. On the other hand, too caught up in his own pride and ego, King Lear perceives Cordelia's honest words as "pride, which she calls plainness" (1.1.137). Because Cordelia does not give... ...osing a loved one in the September 11 attacks, while King Lear does die of anguish over his daughter's death. Since the concept of fate – the belief that all actions are planned out, and regardless of what people do, no one can change the outcome – frequently prevails in literature, one could also attribute King Lear's death to his acknowledgement of fate. King Lear comes to the realization that no matter how hard he tries to do good, his actions have no bearing on what happens. Therefore, he no longer has a reason to live. Though King Lear is by no means completely innocent and free of blame – his actions prompt some sort of punishment – his two daughters wrong him more than he wrongs the other characters of the play. Through this injustice, though, King Lear learns a lesson and transforms into a better person, even though he dies at the conclusion of the play.

Local and Foreign Entertainment Appreciation Essay

Our topic for research is about â€Å"Level of Appreciation of Filipino Teenagers between Foreign Entertainment and Local Entertainment in terms of Television Shows.† Nowadays, people have different ways of entertaining themselves. Entertainment consists of any activity affording pleasure, diversion, or amusement. Entertainment can be in passive such as watching movies or active forms such as sports. It also provides a lot of fun and enjoyment. In today’s technologically advanced living style, people have no time to spend for leisure. Life is too fast and the people have little time to spend with their friends and family. Unlike the good old days where people used to work and relax, go back home and have a good time with the friends, people nowadays tend to move with the work. Entertainment has an important role in socialization, relaxation, family ties, community structure and forms of expression beyond sheer logic. It strengthens the emotional ties between individuals and around groups of individuals. A well rounded individual, and also society as a whole, benefits from many activities and interest beyond those just needed to provide food and shelter. One form of entertainment is mass media. Mass media refers collectively to all media technologies which are used for mass communications (delivering messages to a large audience), and to the organizations which control these technologies. Included in this collection is television. Television nowadays has a great effect, especially in entertainment. As stated in previous paragraphs, entertainment has a lot of importance and it is expressed in many ways. Also, it can influence the lives of the people, especially in terms of our country, which may be considered a small country in some terms. There is no doubt that we can see a trend towards a global culture but westerns dominate. Our traditional culture is overwhelmed by the â€Å"Western† kinds of entertainments in our country, especially when it comes to television shows. It is obvious that poor countries do not have adequate resources like skills, technology, funds and human resources to develop their own high quality TV programs. Due to these limitations of local production, educated people may complaint more about inappropriate supplies. At the same time the lower educated people and children accept the harmful culture directly. On the other hand, if majority imported shows and entertainments still dominate the whole market, it will affect the creative ideas by native talented producers because of limited resources. This will show now if a student chooses our locally-made television shows or those famous shows in abroad.

Beam Deflection Essay

Summary The primary goal of the experiment was to determine the structural stiffness of two cantilevered beams composed of steel and aluminum while maintaining both beams at a constant thickness and cross sectional area. The experiment also investigated material properties and dimensions and their relationship to structural stiffness. The experiment was divided into two separate parts. The results for the first part of the experiment were obtained by clamping the beam at one end while applying different masses at a specified length across the beam and then measuring deflection. The measuring device was set a specified distance from the clamped end. The following procedure was employed for both the steel and aluminum beam. The second part of the experiment required placing a single known mass at various lengths across the supported beam and then measuring the resulting deflection. This method was only completed for the steel beam. The deflections from both parts of the experiment were then averaged independently to ascertain final conclusions. The first part of the experiment resulted in a much greater deflection for the aluminum beam, with its greatest deflection spanning to an average of 2.8 mm. Moreover, the deflection for the steel beam was much less, concluding that steel has a larger structural stiffness. In fact, the structural stiffness that was found for steel was 3992 N/m, compared to aluminum, which was 1645 N/m. In addition, the theoretical values of structural stiffness for steel and aluminum were calculated to be 1767.9 N/m and 5160.7 N/m, respectively. There was a large error between the theoretical and experimental values for steel, close to 29%. This could have been due to human error, or a defective beam. The second part of the experiment resulted in validating the fact that the values of deflection are proportional to length cubed. It was also determined that deflection is inversely proporti onal to the elastic modulus and that structural stiffness is proportional to the elastic modulus. Despite the fact that there was considerable error between some of the theoretical and experimental values, the experiment still proved to be effective in determining a reasonably accurate value for structural stiffness as well as verifying its relationship between material properties and beam dimensions. Introduction The beam deflection experiment was designed to investigate the structural stiffness of cantilever beams made of steel and aluminum. Cantilever beams are fixed at one end and support applied loads throughout their length. There are many applications for cantilever beams such as bridges, balconies, storage racks, airplane wings, skywalks, diving boards, and even bicycles. Figure 1 shows an example of a cantilevered beam in bridge design. The primary objective of the experiment was to find the structural stiffness for the two cantilevered beams made of aluminum and steel. For the first part of the experiment, various known loads were applied at the same distance from the fixed end of each beam. The second part of the experiment had one point load applied at different lengths. Due to the fact structural stiffness is heavily dependent on dimensions, the two beams were required to have almost identical thicknesses and cross-sectional areas. In addition, structural stiffness was assumed to be proportional to the elastic modulus of the material. It was expected that the steel beam would have a higher structural stiffness than the aluminum beam due to its higher modulus of elasticity. It was also expected that for aluminum to have the same  structural stiffness while being the same length, the dimensions of the aluminum beam would have to be larger to increase the cross sectional area. Figure 1 The Fourth Bridge in Scotland, United Kingdom, an Example of a Cantilever Beam Copyright   George Gastin, at http://en.wikipedia.org/ wiki/File:Forthbridge_feb_2013.jpg. Theory Deflection is the displacement of a beam due to an applied force or load, F. The figure below represents this deflection for a cantilevered beam, labeled as ÃŽ ´. The figure below represents a cantilever beam that is fixed at point A and has a length, l. Figure 2 Cantilever Beam of Length l, Clamped at One End and Loaded at the Other End The deflection of a beam is given by the equation  ÃŽ ´ = Fl3/3EI in m. (1) E is the elastic modulus of the material, and I is the area moment of inertia. The elastic modulus describes a material’s ability to elastically deform when a force is applied. Elastic modulus is given as stress, ÏÆ', over strain, ÃŽ µ. The equation below represents this relationship. E = ÏÆ'/ÃŽ µ in N/m (2) The area moment of inertia of a rectangle (the cross-sectional shape of the beam) is dependent upon the base, b, and height, h, of the beam and is given by the expression I = bh3/12 in m4 .(3) The deflection of the beam can be rewritten as ÃŽ ´ = 4Fl3/Ebh3 in m.(4) From the following equation, it can be seen that deflection is dependent on force, the elastic modulus, and the dimensions of the beam. Therefore, a larger load that is applied to the beam will result in a larger deflection. A greater deflection will also occur if the length of the beam is increased. Alternatively, a larger width and height (a larger cross-sectional area) as well as a higher material stiffness will minimize the deflection. From equation 4, the force applied, F, can be written as F = (Ebh3/4l3)ÃŽ ´ in N,(5) or, F = kÃŽ ´ in N.(6) Where k is the structural stiffness of the beam, given as, k = Ebh3/4l3 in N/m.(7) From this equation, it can be seen that k increases as material stiffness increases. Dimensionally, the structural stiffness of the beam will also increase with a larger width and larger height and decrease with a longer length. Therefore, a smaller length will result in a larger structural stiffness. The following equation also shows that the larger the structural stiffness is, the less deflection a beam will have. The statistical analysis for the multitude of measurements taken throughout the experiment required two equations. The first equation was the statistical average given by Xave = ∑ xi /n,(8) where, Xave represents the statistical average of the measurements, xi represents the individual measurements, and n represents the total number of measurements. The second relationship was the standard deviation, given by S = (∑i=1→n[(xi – Xave) 2 / (n-1)]) 1/2. (9) The percentage error between the experimental and theoretical values for structural stiffness was calculated using the following expression, % Difference = |xth – xexp|/((1/2)*(xth+xexp)), (10) where xth and xexp represents the theoretical and experimental values, respectively. Test Setup & Procedures The experiment was conducted in a campus laboratory. The experimentation was setup to where two cantilever beams were tested for deflection using TecQuipment’s Deflection of Beams and Cantilever apparatus. The beams were  identical in geometry, but made out of two different metals, one of which is steel and the other aluminum. The beam would be inserted into the apparatus’s clamp and held in place by tightening the screw on the clamp using a hex wrench. After the beam was secured on the apparatus, the Mitutoyo Absolute displacement meter was calibrated by clicking the origin button. Next, the two experiments were conducted. The first experiment tested deflection on each metal by varying the mass while keeping the load placed at a constant length. The second experiment tested deflection using a constant mass while varying the distance of load placement from the fixed end of the beam. Table 1 Equipment List Equipment List Apparatus TecQuipment’s Deflection of Beams and Cantilever CalipersMoore & Wright Range: 0-150 mm Precision 0.1 mm Displacement meterMitutoyo Absolute Mitutoyo Corp Model ID- S1012M Serial No. 33631 .5-.0005 (12.7-0.01 mm) Masses (100, 200, 300, 400, 500) g Aluminum Beam Width: 19.9 mm Height: 4.45 mm Steel BeamWidth: 19.89 mm Height: 4.45 mm Procedures Experiment 1: Experiment 1 began with measuring and recording the width and height of each of the beams using a caliper. A beam was then inserted into the clamp fitting of the apparatus and tightened using the hex wrench. The displacement meter was calibrated to zero by pressing the origin button. A length was selected for the mass to be hung from the beam. Starting from the lowest mass (100 g, 200 g, 300 g, 400 g, and 500 g), each mass was hung using the hanger from the selected length. When the hanger and mass  stabilized, the deflection measurement displayed on the meter was recorded. Three trials were conducted for each mass. After the data was recorded, the mass was removed and the meter was recalibrated to zero before hanging the new mass. The experiment was repeated using the second beam. Experiment 2: Experiment 1 setup procedures were repeated for experiment 2. A steel beam was used for this test. For each length (100 mm, 200 mm, 300 mm, 400 mm, and 450 mm), a 200 gram mass was placed on the hanger. Three trials were conducted for each length. When the system was stabilized, the deflection length was recorded. After each trial and test, the deflection meter was recalibrated for accuracy. Results Experiment 1: The following results were acquired and calculated from the data obtained directly from the experiment. Refer to Appendix (figures 11, 12, 13, and MATLAB Full Calculation Script). Below are the properties of the two specimens, aluminum and steel. Table 2 Test Specimen Properties Note: The length for the two beams was held constant for Experiment One. The first experiment required five different masses to be placed at a constant length on the two beams. The deflections were measured for each mass three times. The average and standard deviation were calculated for each mass’s data set using equation 8 and equation 9, respectively. The theoretical deflection was also calculated using equation 1. The tables below describe these relationships. Table 3 Force and Experimental and Theoretical Deflections for the Aluminum Beam Table 4 Force and Experimental and Theoretical Deflections for the Steel Beam In order to determine the experimental structural stiffness, the average experimental deflections for both beams were plotted. The plots also contain the standard deviation of the experimental results and the theoretical values for comparison. Refer to figures 7 and 8. Figure 7 Load vs. Experimental & Theoretical Deflections | Aluminum Figure 8 Load vs. Experimental & Theoretical Deflections | Steel The data was fitted using a linear best-fit line to gather further information about the experimental deflections. Using the inverse of the slope from the linear trend lines of aluminum and steel, experimental stiffness was calculated. The theoretical value of stiffness was also calculated using equation 7. Table 5 represents this data. Table 5 Theoretical and Experimental Structural Difference and Percentage of Error for Both Beams The figure below shows a quick representation of the theoretical and experimental structural stiffness’s for the two specimens. Figure 9 Experimental & Theoretical Structural Stiffness for the Steel and Aluminum Beam Experiment 2: Experiment 2 was conducted using various experimental beam lengths and a constant force. Steel was the only material used. The deflections were measured three times for each length and averaged. The theoretical deflection, theoretical stiffness, average, and standard deviation were calculated for each mass using equations 1, 7, 8, and, 9, respectively. Table 6 represents this data. Table 6 Length3, Experimental and Theoretical Deflections, and Structural Stiffness for the Steel Beam The figure below shows the relationship between length3 and displacement. Figure 10 Length3 vs. Experimental & Theoretical Deflections | Steel Discussion The final results obtained represent the attempt in experimentally determining the hardness value for as received and annealed AISI 1018 steel. The results revealed that the average experimental hardness for the as received steel, 96.6, is much greater than the annealed steel, 64.76, as seen in figure ##. To further strengthen these results, the measurements for both of the specimens maintained a fairly low standard deviation, showing great consistency and accuracy throughout the individual measurements. In addition, since no biased error was continuously repeated, there were no trends associated with the standard deviation, it was simply scattered. The considerable error, 28.9%, between the theoretical and experimental values of stiffness for steel could have been due to bad measurements or due to the fact that the theoretical calculation is highly idealized (see table 5). The error associated with the aluminum beam, however, was much lower, 7.9%, even with larger standard deviations. The following conundrum begs the question that if the theoretical determination for aluminum was accurate, what caused the large amount of error inherent with the steel beam? For any further non-subjective conclusions to be made the experiment for the steel beam would have to be repeated. Nonetheless, Experiment 1 proved effective in determining fairly accurate values for structural stiffness. In addition, it was also concluded that force was linearly proportional to displacement, as shown in figures 7, and 8. Furthermore, for beams with the same dimensions, the ratio of deflections was equivalent to the inverse ratio of the two material’s modulus of elasticity. In other words, deflection is simply proportional to the inverse of the modulus of elasticity. Alternatively, it can be said that the ratio of structural stiffness between the two materials and the ratio of modulus of elasticity’s are directly proportional. The results of Experiment 1 validated these statements by showing that steel deflected much less than aluminum due to it larger value of E and higher value of structural stiffness (see tables 3 & 4). The derived theoretical  equations agree with both of these statements. Experiment 2: Experiment 2 resulted in data being obtained by continuously changing the length, but keeping the mass and therefore the force constant. The results show that if the length of the beam was increased the deflection increased (see table 6). Furthermore, it is easily seen that the quantity length cubed is directly proportional to deflection, as shown in figure 10. Therefore the final conclusion can be made that structural stiffness is directly proportional to the inverse of length cubed (see table 6). Besides these trends, there was one other trend that was noticed. The standard deviation seemed to increase as the length was increased. This must be due to the fact that there is considerable more error associated in measuring deflection with a longer beam, as seen in table 6. Conclusion Overall, both experiments were effective in validating the primary trends within the derived theoretical equations. The experiment also accomplished the goal of experimentally determining the structural stiffness of aluminum and steel beams given a specific geometry. Though the lab was rather repetitive, it proved to be a simple and great way of supporting some of the theories and techniques acquired from the course of solid mechanics. One recommendation for the lab would be to use multiple samples of steel and aluminum in order to ensure that at least one sample is consistent and that you’re not using a sample that has extensively been tested by prior labs. This may ultimately reduce the error associated with the steel beam and the overall accuracy of the experiment.

Definition and Examples of Dysphemisms in English

Definition and Examples of Dysphemisms in English Dysphemism is the substitution of a more offensive or disparaging word or phrase for one considered less offensive, such as the use of the slang term shrink for psychiatrist. Dysphemism is the opposite of euphemism. Adjective: dysphemistic. Though often meant to shock or offend, dysphemisms may also serve as in-group markers to signal closeness. Linguist  Geoffrey Hughes points out that [a]lthough  this linguistic mode has been  established for centuries and the term dysphemism was first recorded in 1884, it has only recently acquired even a specialist currency,  being  unlisted in many general dictionaries and reference books (An Encyclopedia of Swearing, 2006). See Examples and Observations  below. Also, see: CacophemismConnotations and DenotationsCursingHow to Flatter an Audience With Euphemisms, Dysphemisms, and DistinctioPejorative LanguagePropagandaSwear Word EtymologyFrom the Greek, a non word Examples and Observations When applied to people, animal names are usually dysphemisms: coot, old bat, pig, chicken, snake, skunk, and bitch, for example.Euphemisms and Dysphemisms for DeathThere is virtually no aspect of human experience free from dysphemism. . . .Death generates such typical  euphemisms as to pass away, to pass on, to depart this life, go to ones Maker, and so on. Parallel dysphemisms would be to snuff it, to croak, and to push up daisies, since these allude graphically and cruelly to the physical aspect of death, down to breathing ones last, the death rattle, and being reincorporated into the cycle of nature.(Geoffrey Hughes,  An Encyclopedia of Swearing. Routledge, 2006)Dysphemisms and Stylistic DiscordSpeakers resort to dysphemism to talk about people and things that frustrate and annoy them, that they disapprove of and wish to disparage, humiliate and degrade. Curses, name-calling and any sort of derogatory comment directed towards others in order to insult or to wound them are all examples of dysphemism. Exclamatory swear words that release frustration or anger are dysphemisms. Like euphemism, dysphemism interacts with style and has the potential to produce stylistic discord; if someone at a formal dinner party were to publicly announce Im off for a piss, rather than saying Excuse me for a moment, the effect would be dysphemistic.(Keith Allan and Kate Burridge, Forbidden Words: Taboo and the Censoring of Language. Cambridge University Press, 2006) Gratuity and TipI used to think gratuity was a euphemism for tip until I discovered that I had got it the wrong way round, and that tip was a dysphemism for gratuity. . . . Gratuity is much older than tip, and originally meant a gift made to anyone, including an equal.(Nicholas Bagnall, Words. The Independent, December  3, 1995)Dysphemisms and SlangWhen we think of euphemisms, we think of words that are substituted because their connotations are less distressing than the words they replace. In slang you frequently have the opposite phenomenon, dysphemism, where a relatively neutral word is replaced with a harsher, more offensive one. Such as calling a cemetery a boneyard. Referring to electrocution as taking the hot seat would be another. . . . Even more dysphemistic would be to fry.(Interview with J. E. Lighter, American Heritage, October  2003)Dysphemisms in ContextA jocular approach to death is only dysphemistic if the Hearer can be expected to regard it as offensive. For inst ance, if a doctor were to inform close family that their loved one has pegged out during the night, it would normally be inappropriate, insensitive, and unprofessional (i.e., dysphemistic). Yet given another context with quite a different set of interlocutors, the same expression could just as well be described as cheerfully euphemistic.(Keith Allan and Kate Burridge, Euphemism and Dysphemism. Oxford University Press, 1991) Pronunciation: DIS-fuh-miz-im Also Known As: cacophemism

14 College Graduation Gifts to Give Yourself

14 College Graduation Gifts to Give Yourself Graduating from college is no easy feat- and no one knows the effort you put in and the obstacles you overcame better than you do. Since your college graduation will likely be one of the biggest milestones of your life, its worth it to reward yourself for all youve accomplished. But just what kinds of things work well as a college graduation gift to yourself?  Here are the best graduation gifts to give yourself. 1. A Nice Diploma Frame Youve probably seen these in your campus bookstore or a local shop in town. In essence, diploma frames are a nice frame in which you can hang (and preserve) your actual diploma. Some have a small logo from your college; others have a large picture of campus as well. Regardless, a nice diploma frame can be a great way to formally acknowledge your graduation. Additionally, it can serve as appropriate and professional wall decor for your first office. 2. An Elegant Business Card Holder Sure, exchanging contact information happens electronically most of the time. And yet there can still be situations- like cocktail parties, airline flights, or other unexpected situations- when a simple conversation turns into a networking opportunity. Having your business cards available in a nice, classy case (in contrast, to, say, your old wallet) can be a smart way to present yourself. And it can be a nice gift to yourself that lasts for years to come. 3. Life For a Day Pictures You may be eager to leave your college life and your campus, but there are still things you will miss about your college years. Consider spending a day- or even just an hour or two during the day- taking pictures of the details of your life. What does your room look like? Your residence hall, apartment building, or house? What do you have hanging on the walls? What kinds of clothes are in your closet? What kinds of technology are you using? Where are the places you spent the most time- studying, hanging out, making memories- on campus? Off campus? In essence, create a photo journal of what your college life looks like. You never know how much you might treasure those simple snaps 10, 20, or even 50 years from now. 4. Write a Letter to Yourself Similar to an autobiographical photojournalism project, writing a letter to yourself can be an amazing gift for Future You. What are your dreams? What kind of life do you picture for yourself? What have you loved most about your time in college? What do you regret? What do you wish you had done differently? Theres no right answer or a specific thing you should write about. Just listen to your heart and say something that you want your future self to hear. 5. College Clothing It sounds so simple- after all, how many free t-shirts did you accumulate during your time in school?!- but getting yourself some new clothes with your colleges name on it can be a great gift. Even if its just a simple t-shirt and running shorts, youll reconnect with this time in your life when youre out for a run or hitting the gym 1, 2, or even 5 years from now. Additionally, something comforting, like a zip-up hoodie, can be your go-to item when youre doing something you love, like spending a quiet night in after a busy week at work. A little gift now can be a great way to remind and reward yourself about all you accomplished during your college years. 6. Travel Gear Have the travel bug? Want a job that requires a lot of travel? Consider giving yourself something that can be part of your post-college-life journeys. A nice suitcase, a great handbag, or even a duffel bag with your college logo or name on it can fit the bill. Additionally, advertising your alma mater during your travels can be a surprising way to start a conversation with others who have a connection to your institution, too. 7. A Connection With Your Favorite Professor No matter your major, you likely had one professor with whom you really connected or who made a difference in your life- even if you never told them so. Before you leave campus, connect with him or her in some way. Buy one of their books youve never read and have them sign it for you. Ask them to meet for coffee or even during office hours so you can ask their advice and let them know how much you appreciated their presence during your time in school. Your connection doesnt have to be fancy to be meaningful; it just has to be genuine. 8. A Trip Somewhere Special Do you need some time to process the big changes in your life? Have you always wanted to, for example, take  a college road trip? Do you want to have one last adventure with your college friends before you graduate? Consider giving yourself a trip as a graduation present. Even though its not a tangible item you can put in a gift box, a trip can provide you with a lifetime of memories- and some much-needed rest and relaxation. 9. Something for Your Post-College Professional Life Do you need a great briefcase? A messenger bag? A new laptop for graduate school? A stethoscope? Scrubs? Consider giving yourself something important and meaningful that also connects to your professional goals. Even if you cant afford something that will last for decades, you can always use something for a season or two and then keep it as a memento. This was my very first professional [item name]! has a nice ring to it, even 20 years from now. 10. Something for Your Post-College Personal Life Do you want to acknowledge your graduation with something that symbolizes adulthood for you? Do you want a nice set of dishes, a great (double!) bed, or a killer business suit? Do you want new clothes from a nice shop or even some fancy cookware? Consider buying yourself something that feels adult and permanent. You can use it to remind yourself of your transition to adulthood and all the effort you made to set yourself up for success after college. 11. A Donation to an Organization That Helps Students Go to College No matter your situation, you didnt make it through college entirely on your own. Whether it was family, friends, administrators, professors, or community leaders, people undoubtedly helped you along the way. Consider giving back by making a donation to a community organization or your college (in the form of scholarship funds) so that others have support during their time in school, too. 12. Plant Something It doesnt have to be big and fancy to symbolize the start of a new chapter in your life. Whether its a small houseplant, a small herb garden, or even a hardy bush or tree in your parents backyard or a community garden, planting something that you can nurture and grow can be highly symbolic and rewarding. 13. Take Yourself Clothes Shopping Give yourself a cold, hard reality check by really looking at whats in your closet. You likely- and justifiably- have clothes appropriate for a college student. Which was fun until now...when you transition from being a student to being a graduate. Treat yourself to some clothing basics, both personally and professionally, so that you can enter this new phase of your life as prepared as possible. 14. A Spa Treatment Remember: spa treatments arent just for fancy folks (or even just girls!). Reward yourself to something as simple as a pedicure or as fancy as a full-day treatment. After all, you probably put your body through unbelievable amounts of stress and mistreatment during the past few years. Reward your physical and mental self with some relaxation and pampering. You might be surprised at how this simple luxury can rejuvenate your body, mind, and soul and prepare you to begin your post-college life refreshed and recharged.

Crime prevention programs Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Crime prevention programs - Research Paper Example This is conventionally achieved by studying the factors that fundamentally contribute to the spread of crime. Effective implementation of such crime prevention programs requires full collaboration and cooperation of parents, siblings, friends, tutors, mentors and other people who are strongly related to the child indulged in crime in one way or another. It is a well consented opinion that if adequate measures are taken to discourage the crime committing tendency of a juvenile when he/she is only in the initial stages, the juvenile can be prevented from becoming a dreadful criminal in the future and can be made to become a potential responsible citizen. A vast majority of the crime prevention programs are directed at targeting the basic risk factors that are thought to be related to offense. The programs may tend to induce changes in the culture, nature and infrastructure of a community in an attempt to reduce the crime rate. Some of the most frequently employed crime prevention progr ams are community policing, Weed and Seed, and neighborhood watch (Office of Justice Programs, n.d.). Some crime prevention programs are place oriented because of the functionality of different places in serving the purpose. â€Å"Hot spot† and â€Å"Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design† (CPTED) are two examples of place oriented programs of crime prevention (Office of Justice Prevention, n.d.). This paper discusses some of the programs that are commonly used to control crime among juveniles that have been proposed by the National Crime Prevention Council (NCPC) in particular, and various other programs in general. Founded in 1982, NCPC administers the â€Å"Crime Prevention Coalition of America† and also monitors â€Å"McGruff the Crime Dog† and the â€Å"National Citizens’ Crime Prevention Campaign† (National Crime Prevention Council, 2011). Programs mentioned in this paper prevent crime both in individuals as well as groups of ju veniles. Neighborhood crime: People can take a number of steps to safeguard their homes as well as those of their neighbors against such forms of crime as vandalism, theft, robbery and violence. Neighborhood Watch is one such crime prevention program that was originally introduced by the National Sheriff's Association, and now, the National Crime Prevention Council (NCPC) publicizes it (Link, 2010). This nationwide crime prevention program provides the citizens as well as the local law enforcement bodies with tools using which, they can jointly work in mutual collaboration to ensure the safety of their neighborhood. Such tools include but are not limited to window signs, and phone trees. The window signs alert those who pass by about the activity of the resident. Neighbors can get in touch with each other through phone trees when they are on vacations. People may take participation in their area’s local Neighborhood Watch by due consultation with the neighborhood association in their locality, or simply by consulting the NCPC website. School bullying: Parents and mentors today are much more concerned about the potential ways in which childhood bullying can negatively impact the children, while in the past, childhood bullying was considered a normal aspect of school life. Not only does the bullying cast negative impacts on the personality of the victims, but also, the bullies feel encouraged to become potential criminals in the future if time